The U.S. Trademark Act prohibits the registration of marks that are likely to be confused with other marks that have either been registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) or are in use by another entity in the United States. 15 U.S.C. §1052(d).

Generally, the word element is considered dominant in a composite mark consisting of words and design elements.  However, such a mark can be found to differ sufficiently from a competitor’s mark if, for example, the word and design elements present a distinguishing cohesive narrative.

A non-U.S. party can obtain a U.S. trademark or service mark registration based on a home country registration and without use of the mark in the U.S. However, a Declaration of Use or Excusable Nonuse must be filed in the U.S. within six years after the date of registration plus a 6-month grace period.  If that Declaration is not filed, that U.S. registration will be cancelled and given no further effect after the end of the six-year period.

The line between a merely descriptive term and a generic term can be difficult to draw.  We previously wrote about this in “Avoid Selecting a Generic Term as Your Trademark.”

The U.S. Trademark Act prohibits a mark that is “primarily merely a surname” from registration on the Principal Register.  15 U.S.C. § 1052(e)(4).  The issue is whether the primary significance of the mark as a whole to the purchasing public is as a surname, which is a question of fact.

The term GPT stands for “generative pretrained transformer,” which software developers understand to refer to a machine learning algorithm that is pre-trained to produce human-like text in response to human prompts.

The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) rarely reverses an Examining Attorney’s refusal to register a mark on likelihood of confusion grounds.  In this case, the TTAB did just that.